use test

drop table if exists tbl
create table tbl
(
    fld_date date
    , fld_datetime datetime
    , fld_time time
    , fld_varchar varchar(50)
    , fld_int int
    , fld_float float
)
insert into tbl
select
'20220914'
, '20220914 15:12:33'
, '12:34:22'
, 'test string'
, 123
, 123.45

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <msdasc.h>

#import "msado15.dll" no_namespace rename("EOF", "adoEOF")

std::string Type2Str(DataTypeEnum type)
{
    std::string sResult;
    switch (type)
    {
        case 0x2000: sResult = "AdArray"; break;
        case 20: sResult = "adBigInt"; break;
        case 128: sResult = "adBinary"; break;
        case 11: sResult = "adBoolean"; break;
        case 8: sResult = "adBSTR"; break;
        case 136: sResult = "adChapter"; break;
        case 129: sResult = "adChar"; break;
        case 6: sResult = "adCurrency"; break;
        case 7: sResult = "adDate"; break;
        case 133: sResult = "adDBDate"; break;
        case 134: sResult = "adDBTime"; break;
        case 135: sResult = "adDBTimeStamp"; break;
        case 14: sResult = "adDecimal"; break;
        case 5: sResult = "adDouble"; break;
        case 0: sResult = "adEmpty"; break;
        case 10: sResult = "adError"; break;
        case 64: sResult = "adFileTime"; break;
        case 72: sResult = "adGUID"; break;
        case 9: sResult = "adIDispatch"; break;
        case 3: sResult = "adInteger"; break;
        case 13: sResult = "adIUnknown"; break;
        case 205: sResult = "adLongVarBinary"; break;
        case 201: sResult = "adLongVarChar"; break;
        case 203: sResult = "adLongVarWChar"; break;
        case 131: sResult = "adNumeric"; break;
        case 138: sResult = "adPropVariant"; break;
        case 4: sResult = "adSingle"; break;
        case 2: sResult = "adSmallInt"; break;
        case 16: sResult = "adTinyInt"; break;
        case 21: sResult = "adUnsignedBigInt"; break;
        case 19: sResult = "adUnsignedInt"; break;
        case 18: sResult = "adUnsignedSmallInt"; break;
        case 17: sResult = "adUnsignedTinyInt"; break;
        case 132: sResult = "adUserDefined"; break;
        case 204: sResult = "adVarBinary"; break;
        case 200: sResult = "adVarChar"; break;
        case 12: sResult = "adVariant"; break;
        case 139: sResult = "adVarNumeric"; break;
        case 202: sResult = "adVarWChar"; break;
        case 130: sResult = "adWChar"; break;
        default: sResult = "err"; break;
    }
    return sResult;
}

void main()
{
    CoInitialize(NULL);

    _ConnectionPtr pConnection = NULL;
    _RecordsetPtr rs = NULL;
    try
    {
        pConnection.CreateInstance(__uuidof(Connection));
        pConnection->CommandTimeout = 0;
        std::string sConnectionString = "Provider=SQLOLEDB.1;Trusted_Connection=True;Initial Catalog=test;User ID=sa;Password=sa;Data Source=localhost";
        pConnection->Open(_bstr_t(sConnectionString.c_str()), _bstr_t(""), _bstr_t(""), adModeUnknown);
                
        HRESULT hr = rs.CreateInstance(__uuidof(Recordset));
        rs->CursorType = adOpenForwardOnly;
        rs->CursorLocation = adUseServer;
        rs->LockType = adLockReadOnly;
        rs->Open((_bstr_t)"select * from tbl", (IDispatch*)pConnection, adOpenForwardOnly, adLockReadOnly, adCmdText);

        _variant_t vtFldIdx;
        vtFldIdx.vt = VT_I2;
        for (vtFldIdx.iVal = 0; vtFldIdx.iVal < rs->Fields->GetCount(); vtFldIdx.iVal++)
        {
            std::cout << rs->Fields->GetItem(vtFldIdx)->Type << ": " << Type2Str(rs->Fields->GetItem(vtFldIdx)->Type) << std::endl;
        }


        rs->Close();
        pConnection->Close();
    }
    catch (_com_error& e)
    {
        std::cout << "COM err: " << (char*)e.Description() << std::endl;
        if (pConnection && (pConnection->State & adStateOpen) == adStateOpen) pConnection->Close();
        rs = NULL;
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        std::cout << "err" << std::endl;
        if (pConnection && (pConnection->State & adStateOpen) == adStateOpen) pConnection->Close();
        rs = NULL;
    }
}

133: adDBDate
135: adDBTimeStamp
145: err
200: adVarChar
3: adInteger
5: adDouble

std::string s = (const char*)_bstr_t(val);